水下制氢反应室动态过程数值分析

为研究水下制氢反应室的动态过程规律,基于化学反应动力学和单液滴运动学得到合金/水反应转化率,并在最小自由能法计算得到生成物各组分摩尔数的基础上利用质量守恒方程得到室内各物质质量变化规律。在建立非线性移动边界螺旋管动态模型的前提下,利用能量守恒方程得到室内热力参数变化规律,进而完成制氢反应室动态过程详尽模型的建立。利用该模型编写计算程序,完成某水下制氢反应室动态过程仿真。结果表明,各仿真曲线较好地反映了对应参数的动态变化规律,验证了模型建立与仿真的正确性;合金/水反应转化率决定了反应室的物质质量变化规律及其能量释放特性。该模型可以作为制氢反应室动态特性分析及其过程控制研究的基础模型。     

ISAR雷达欺骗式干扰信号生成算法

宽带ISAR雷达能够从目标回波中计算得出众多目标特征,对ISAR雷达的干扰信号必须高逼真地模拟目标的电磁散射特性和运动特性。从弹头目标电磁散射机理出发,分析了干扰信号生成流程,提出二维成像干扰的实现方案。针对虚假目标特性模拟问题,提出基于一维距离像模板合成欺骗干扰信号的算法。算法采用距离像模板与实际宽带ISAR信号的卷积调制处理,生成的干扰信号能较好地反映目标的电磁特性。通过多个脉冲的模拟,生成的干扰信号也能够准确反映目标的运动特性。仿真实验对暗室测量数据和HRRP模板数据进行成像效果对比,验证了算法的有效性。该算法对二维成像干扰机的工程设计具有指导意义。     

Counterinsurgency American style: Considering David Petraeus and twenty-first century irregular war

This article examines the complex legacy of David Petraeus who was a key figure in the emergence of the US military shift towards counterinsurgency doctrine in the years after 2006. Although Petraeus has been perceived by critics as a publicity seeker, he can be credited with laying the foundations for a more serious commitment to COIN involving in particular in integrating conventional and Special Forces in arenas like village stability operations. The article looks a Petraeus's role in both Iraq and Afghanistan: it concludes that, in the case of Afghanistan, it is too early to assess whether counterinsurgency has had a decisive impact of the outcome of the war against the Taliban.     

基于旋量方法的高超声速飞行器三维非线性伪最优制导律设计

针对高超声速飞行器制导过程中的通道耦合问题,设计一种基于旋量方法的三维非线性伪最优制导律。引入角度矢量、视线旋量、视线旋量速度等概念,通过等价性证明,得出视线旋量、视线旋量速度控制分别与视线方位、视线角速度控制具有一致性的结论,从而将制导问题转化为视线旋量和旋量速度的控制问题;基于旋量方法构建弹目视线旋量、视线旋量速度模型,构建得到飞行器制导的三维非线性模型;为避免直接求解Riccati微分方程过程的复杂性,引入伪控制变量,将三维非线性制导模型转化为线性制导模型;分别针对无终端约束和有终端约束情况,基于二次型最优方法得到三维非线性伪最优制导律。该制导律避免了通道解耦,其制导参数又满足一定物理意义下的最优性。仿真结果验证了所设计制导律的有效性。     

考虑弹体动态特性的机动效率约束导引律

针对考虑交会角和过载约束导引律在大机动时能量损失大的问题,提出一种考虑导弹机动效率的多约束制导律。应用最优二次型原理推导出考虑一阶弹体延迟的时变导引系数闭环次优制导形式,将导弹机动时刻阻力系数引入时变权系数,并通过迭代确定机动效率约束边界。将时变约束表示成剩余时间与弹体延迟时间的函数,代入制导指令,进行弹道仿真。结果表明,对于常值与机动目标,文中制导律与过载约束导引律同只考虑交会角约束的导引律相比,对目标均能实现末端弹道成型要求,而考虑机动效率的制导指令分配更为合理,在避免指令加速度饱和的同时有效降低了拦截末端速度损耗,提高制导精度与毁伤效果。且该制导律中时变权系数无须配平求解,在保证精度的同时极大地提高了迭代速度。     

老化对阻燃玻璃钢燃烧性能影响初探

通过对玻璃钢阻燃技术的介绍,以及老化对玻璃钢性能的影响,提出阻燃玻璃钢材质在自然环境中同样存在因老化而出现阻燃性降低的问题。     

航天测控通信系统可靠性分析的Krylov子空间投影算法

基于Markov模型对航天测控通信系统进行可靠性分析的过程中,若系统中测控通信设备数量较多,模型中的状态空间随设备数量呈指数增长,将会导致数值计算困难.提出了一种基于Krylov子空间技术的可靠性分析方法,将大规模问题投影至小规模子空间中,求得问题的近似解.实验结果证明,Krylov子空间方法的计算速度及精度优于Ross方法和前向Euler法(forward Euler method,FEM).     

The effects of model parameter deviations on the variance of a linearly filtered time series

We consider a general linear filtering operation on an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series. The variance of the filter output, which is an important quantity in many applications, is not known with certainty because it depends on the true ARMA parameters. We derive an expression for the sensitivity (i.e., the partial derivative) of the output variance with respect to deviations in the model parameters. The results provide insight into the robustness of many common statistical methods that are based on linear filtering and also yield approximate confidence intervals for the output variance. We discuss applications to time series forecasting, statistical process control, and automatic feedback control of industrial processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Fabrication of AA7005/TiB2-B4C surface composite by friction stir processing: Evaluation of ballistic behaviour

The present work aims to enhance the ballistic resistance of AA7005 alloy by incorporating the TiB₂ and B₄C ceramic reinforcement particles. Surface composites with different weight fractions of TiB₂ and B₄C particles were processed by friction stir processing. Micro-hardness and depth of penetration tests were carried out to evaluate the ballistic properties of the surface composites. The surface hardness of the composite was found to be nearly 70 HV higher than base alloy. The depth of penetration of the steel projectile was 20–26 mm in the composites as compared to 37 mm in the base alloy. Ballistic mass efficiency factor of the surface composite was found to be 1.6 times higher than base alloy. This is mainly attributed to the dispersion strengthening from the reinforcement particles.     

The building evacuation problem with shared information

In this article, the Building Evacuation Problem with Shared Information (BEPSI) is formulated as a mixed integer linear program, where the objective is to determine the set of routes along which to send evacuees (supply) from multiple locations throughout a building (sources) to the exits (sinks) such that the total time until all evacuees reach the exits is minimized. The formulation explicitly incorporates the constraints of shared information in providing online instructions to evacuees, ensuring that evacuees departing from an intermediate or source location at a mutual point in time receive common instructions. Arc travel time and capacity, as well as supply at the nodes, are permitted to vary with time and capacity is assumed to be recaptured over time. The BEPSI is shown to be NP‐hard. An exact technique based on Benders decomposition is proposed for its solution. Computational results from numerical experiments on a real‐world network representing a four‐story building are given. Results of experiments employing Benders cuts generated in solving a given problem instance as initial cuts in addressing an updated problem instance are also provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008